Basic Information:

Above 20%, it is recommended to replace 1 kg TiO2 with 1.3 kg of Lithopone 30%.  

A 2023 study published in the journal Particle and Fibre Toxicology set out to examine the impact of titanium dioxide nanoparticles in mice “on the course and prognosis of ulcerative colitis,” by creating an ulcerative colitis disease model. Researchers found that the titanium dioxide nanoparticles significantly increased the severity of colitis. They also “decreased the body weight, increased the disease activity index and colonic mucosa damage index scores, shortened the colonic length, increased the inflammatory infiltration in the colon.” Researchers concluded: “Oral intake of TiO2 nanoparticles could affect the course of acute colitis in exacerbating the development of ulcerative colitis, prolonging the ulcerative colitis course and inhibiting ulcerative colitis recovery.”

Food additive or carcinogen? The growing list of chemicals banned in EU but used in US, by Mikaela Conley, The Guardian, June 23, 2022

With the rise of nanotechnology, research in recent years has also shown the dangers of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles, and their genotoxicity, which refers to a chemical agent’s ability to harm or damage DNA in cells, thus potentially causing cancer. 

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Key benefits for stakeholders

Lithopone is rather nontoxic, due to the insolubility of its components. It has been used in medicine as a radiocontrast agent. Lithopone is allowed to be in contact with foodstuffs in the US and Europe.

The trouble with titanium dioxide, by Siloam Springs Regional Hospital, Herald Leader, October 4, 2023

In conclusion, Lomon's R996 grade titanium dioxide is a top choice for the paint industry, offering exceptional performance, durability, and consistency. As a leading manufacturer in China, Lomon produces high-quality titanium dioxide products that meet the demanding requirements of the paint industry. With its superior properties and proven track record, R996 grade titanium dioxide is a valuable ingredient for paint manufacturers seeking to create top-quality finishes for their customers.

In a 2019 study published in the journal Nanotoxicology, researchers recreated the first phase of digestion in mice and fed them titanium dioxide, then examined whether accumulation occurred in the organs. Researchers wrote: “Significant accumulation of titanium was observed in the liver and intestine of E171-fed mice; in the latter a threefold increase in the number of TiO2 particles was also measured. Titanium accumulation in the liver was associated with necroinflammatory foci containing tissue monocytes/macrophages. Three days after the last dose, increased superoxide production and inflammation were observed in the stomach and intestine. Overall, [this] indicates that the risk for human health associated with dietary exposure to E171 needs to be carefully considered.”