• Machining of lip surface (stable oil drip under pressure)

This applies only to a mechanical fuel pump on the side of the engine.
In recent research, MWCNTs and carbon black were mixed with the butadiene/natural rubber to form a hybrid composite which gives very strong filler links by partial replacement of carbon black based on the m1:m2:X (m1—MWCNT; m2—reduction amount of carbon black; X-varies from 1 to 6) [40,64]. An internal blending mixer and two-roll milling were used to formulate the composites. The synergistic effect plays a major role in improving the abrasion resistance property due to the partial replacement of carbon black by adding MWCNTs in different ratios. The optimal ratio value of MWCNTs is 5 (parts per hundred of rubber) and 27.5 (parts per hundred of rubber) for carbon black with better resistant to abrasion compared to the matrix material [64]. The vulcanized hybrid composite material reinforced with MWCNT/carbon black at the ratio of 1:1 shows better mechanical properties, curing characteristics, and thermal conductivity. This shows a better tyre thread with an improved endurance life, less curing time, and improved thermal conductivity [42,64]. Fig. 4.4 shows the SEM and TEM images of uncured and cured rubber and Figs. 4.5 and 4.6 show the application of rubber nanocomposites in a tyre application.
Figure 2: Typically shaped oil seal and component nomenclature

BS
Proper installation of the 25x47x7 oil seal is essential to ensure its effectiveness. It is important to carefully clean and prepare the surfaces where the seal will be placed, as any dirt or debris can compromise the seal's ability to function properly. Additionally, the seal should be installed with the correct orientation and pressure to create a tight and secure seal.
R
Synthetic blend oil offers the best of both worlds. It has many of the characteristics of full synthetic oil, but at a much lower price. This type of oil is a mixture of synthetic and conventional base oils, plus some additives, for extra resistance to oxidation and excellent low-temperature properties. Synthetic blends make it easy for drivers to make the switch from conventional to synthetic oil, which is why this type of oil is becoming increasingly popular among today’s savviest drivers. It’s also a great middle ground for drivers who want the added protection and performance of a synthetic oil, but might not be ready to foot the bill for a total switch to full synthetic oil.
Polyacrylate
Better heat, oil and chemical resistance than NBR
It is recommended for use in oil which contains load bearing additives such as EP gear oils
An oil seal has two tasks: Keeping the lubricant in and keeping dirt and contaminants out of rotating components. This separation must be accomplished between surfaces in relative motion, usually a shaft or bearing inner ring and a housing. With correct installation, oil seals can also prevent seal leakage and maintain the lubricity of a bearing to ensure that the rotary shaft and its bearings remain fully functional.
What is an Oil Seal?
An oil seal is designed to perform three major functions: to prevent lubricants from leaking outside the seal even under high pressure, to act as a barrier to retain the lubricating oil, and to prevent dirt and other contaminants from entering the unit.
Table 5: The major special seals, their shapes, and their features
