A: with minor lip
- Upgrading to high-performance spark plugs can also improve your vehicle's overall performance. High-performance spark plugs offer better ignition capabilities, resulting in improved fuel efficiency, horsepower, and acceleration. While they may come at a higher cost, the benefits of upgraded spark plugs can be well worth the investment for drivers seeking enhanced performance.
The temperature within the oil seal environment is the main factor that dictates the composition of an oil seal. Generally, there is a range of set temperatures that are optimal for that material. If the operating environment is too cold, the seal may become brittle and, at high temperatures, the seal material may show increased elasticity and become leaky.
- Rubber pipe gaskets are essential components in plumbing systems that help create a watertight seal between two pipes or between a pipe and a fitting. These gaskets are typically made from durable rubber materials that have excellent resistance to water, chemicals, and high temperatures. The primary function of a rubber pipe gasket is to prevent leaks and ensure a secure connection between pipes, which is crucial for maintaining the integrity of the plumbing system.
O.D. (outside diameter) wall material
FKM or FPM, which is in well-known brand Viton™, can withstand higher liquid temperatures of up to 180 ˚C. FKM is highly resistant to strong acids and bases, as well as to synthetic oils and greases. Glycol-based oil and grease, however, can also damage FKM.


Halogen lights are in fact the most commonly used headlights on most cars. Their invention dates back to the 1960s which was as a solution towards generating light with limited resources. Just like the incandescent lights, halogens use heated tungsten filament to produce light. The filament is however encased in a bubble of halogen gas unlike the incandescent, as a measure towards improving longevity and performance. These lights are easy to manufacture making the manufacturing process inexpensive. Moreover replacement costs are also very low. Halogen lights can fit most cars of different models as they come in different sizes and shapes. These lights however do not provide the best visibility as the white HID bulbs and LEDs. Quite a large amount of heat is lost while using these headlights and hence wasted energy. Moreover, they are very fragile requiring extra care unlike the LEDs and HID
1. Sealing Element
Oil seals are always exposed to a lot of chemicals, both mild and harsh chemicals. The seals react by showing some signs like cracks, blisters, and discoloration especially when the chemical is harsh. This clearly shows that the chemical is not compatible with the seal, which goes as far as affecting its cross-link density (increase or decrease). When the cross-link density increases, the seal material becomes harder, but when it decreases, the seal material becomes softer.
Among the most common causes of oil seal failure are:
When included, the garter spring applies pressure to the sealing lip against the shaft, ensuring a tight seal. The choice of material, like that of the case, largely depends on the environment of use.