Spring required - Despite the rise of electric vehicles, spark plug motors continue to hold a significant position in the global transportation sector. Their widespread use and continued development reflect their enduring importance in our daily lives. As technology advances, we can expect further improvements in spark plug design, enhancing the efficiency and sustainability of these motors.
Figure 2.10. Garter spring
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- The quality of spark plugs can have a significant impact on your engine's performance
Car Spark Plug: Importance and Impact on Engine Performance
- Low friction properties
Step-by-step plan for correct installation


A standard oil seal consists of an outer circular metal disk with an inner flexible rubber which is affixed to the metal during vulcanization. The bonded seal has no loose parts to allow leakage of oil or ingress of any contaminants. This kind of seal is more accurate, and can easily be fitted into a smaller space. An example is shown in Figure 2.9.
Oil seals, also referred to as shaft seals, are widely used to prevent the leakage of medium (such as oils and grease) along a rotating shaft. This leak prevention is primarily achieved by the sealing element which can be made from a wide range of materials that are chosen according to each application. They are commonly used in gearboxes, hydraulic cylinders, and related components.
Common materials used in oil seals include nitrile rubber, fluorine rubber, silicone rubber, acrylic rubber, polyurethane, polytetrafluoroethylene, etc. When selecting the material of the oil seal, the compatibility of the material with the working medium, the adaptability to the working temperature range and the ability of the lip to follow the rotating shaft at high speed must be considered. When the oil seal is working, the temperature of its lip is higher than the working medium temperature by 20~50°C. Attention should be paid when selecting the oil seal material. The working range of the oil seal is related to the material used for the oil seal: the material is nitrile rubber (-40~120°C), Aggreko rubber (ACM) -30~180°C, fluorine rubber (FPM) -25~300°C.