Barium sulfide is produced by carbothermic reduction of barium sulfate. Zinc sulfate is obtained from a variety of zinc products, often waste, by treatment with sulfuric acid.

Molecular weight: 412.23

Zinc oxide. Zinc oxide is a popular cross-linking agent for rubber and for various resins. It is essential in the formulation of solvent-borne polychloroprene adhesives. Furthermore, zinc oxide is a good UV stabilizer, has biocidal activity and has a relatively high refractive index (2.0) which makes it an efficient white pigment. Some typical properties are: density 5.6 g/cm³; particle size 0.036-3 μm; oil absorption 10–20 g/100 g; specific surface area 10–45 m²/g. Zinc oxide is produced by reaction of the metal in the vapour state with oxygen. Zinc oxide is nonporous and is quite pure. Thus, the high surface area of some grades is due to the small particle size of zinc oxide. Some grades, especially for use in the rubber industry, are surface modified by deposition of 0.2-0.4% of stearic acid, propionic acid, or light oil [47].

For that reason, the Center for Science in the Public Interest has graded titanium dioxide as a food additive that consumers should seek to “avoid.” Scientists at the nonprofit nutrition and food safety watchdog group today published a new entry for titanium dioxide in its Chemical Cuisine database of food additives.  

In a study published in the journal Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology in 2020, researchers examined the effects of food additives titanium dioxide and silica on the intestinal tract by grouping and feeding mice three different food-grade particles — micro-TiO2, nano-TiO2, and nano-SiO2.  With all three groups, researchers observed changes in the gut microbiota, particularly mucus-associated bacteria. Furthermore, all three groups experienced inflammatory damage to the intestine, but the nano-TiO2 displayed the most pronounced changes. The researchers wrote: “Our results suggest that the toxic effects on the intestine were due to reduced intestinal mucus barrier function and an increase in metabolite lipopolysaccharides which activated the expression of inflammatory factors downstream. In mice exposed to nano-TiO2, the intestinal PKC/TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway was activated. These findings will raise awareness of toxicities associated with the use of food-grade TiO2 and SiO2.”

Hebei Caiqing Material Technology Co., Ltd. was established in 2005 and has been at the forefront of chemical product research and development. Focusing on the field of titanium dioxide, the company has played a vital role in meeting global demand, providing personalized customization services to global customers. With the continuous expansion of the titanium dioxide market, Hebei Caiqing Material Technology Co., Ltd. is ready to meet the industry's growing demand in terms of production and service.

4.3 g/Cm3

Risk managers at the European Commission and in EU Member States have been informed of EFSA’s conclusions and will consider appropriate action to take to ensure consumers’ protection.